Resumen

• Achieving global climate goals requires mutually beneficial partnerships between states, Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IP&LCs). • Conservation incentives present implementation challenges and can result in potential conflicts, injustices, gender inequality, and loss of cultural values for IP&LCs. • Peru’s Conditional Direct Transfers illustrate the risks and benefits that come with incentive programmes for IP&LCs, with some best practice lessons for those implementing similar programmes. • Participatory decision making, supporting community administrative capacity, data sharing, and inclusion strategies will facilitate transparent, mutually beneficial partnerships with IP&LCs. • An effective integrated approach requires collaboration between different institutions, government offices, and local, regional, and national experts.